NFE2L2 and Sepsis: In cytokine storms derived from sepsis or IAV infections, an NRF2-dependent antioxidant response reduces the phosphorylation of p38, ERK, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), all of which are members of the MAPK family, and further suppresses cytokine production, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-8 [143,147,148].