In particular, by looking at the loadings (Figure 7A), it appears that Ts-V mice differ from Eu and Ts-P mice because they are characterized by brain insulin resistance (lower pIR/IR and higher pIRS1S307/IRS1, and pIRS1S636/IRS1), the accumulation of AD-associated neuropathological hallmarks (higher APP, APP-C83, APP-C99, DYRK1A, and TAU), increased oxidative stress levels (higher PC, HNE and 3-NT) and the aberrant activation of proteins regulating synaptic plasticity mechanisms (higher pGluA1 S831, pCaMKIIα T286). This evidence concerns the gene IRS1 and Alzheimer disease.