MAPT and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease: For example, β-amyloid plaques are a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease; Tau, a microtubule-associated protein, represents another misfolded protein commonly found in diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases; the presence of α-synuclein pathological inclusions is typical of Parkinson’s disease and other disorders, including Lewy body dementia, Lewy body variant of Alzheimer’s disease, and multisystem atrophy; TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is observed in ALS and in frontotemporal dementia [33,34,35,36,37].