Thus, an intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg melatonin/kg/day for 28 days in a rat model of surgically induced endometriosis caused volume and weight reduction of the implants via modulation of the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is involved in angiogenesis, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), which is significantly decreased in women with endometriosis [134,135]. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and endometriosis.