In children with AESD, Suenaga et al. showed that serum concentrations of MMP-9 were significantly higher in patients with AESD than in those with simple FS or epilepsy and controls; serum concentrations of TIMP-1 in AESD were significantly lower than those in patients with FS or epilepsy and controls [22]. This evidence concerns the gene TIMP1 and epilepsy.