LPS in HDM extracts could also contribute to NLRP3 activation and IL-1β production [52], and chronic exposure to high doses of LPS was shown to promote lung tumorigenesis in the nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK)- and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)-induced LC models [76, 77]. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is laryngotracheoesophageal cleft.