LIPE and hydrops fetalis: According to the present study, lipolysis is activated in HF-induced cachexia, which is characterized by increased release of glycerol after administration of isoproterenol and elevated mRNA and protein levels of HSL and perilipin, whereas APS may inhibit lipolysis, which is characterized by the release of glycerol from adipose tissue in the APS intervention group being obviously less than that of the model group (P < 0.01; Fig. 4 A,B,F,G,H).