PVALB and Alzheimer disease: In regard to treatments targeting oxidative stress, Izumi et al.42 demonstrated that glutathione administration attenuated inflammatory responses in AppNL-G-F knock-in mice, while Hongo et al.65 reported that astaxanthin, a carotenoid regarded as a highly potent antioxidant, ameliorated parvalbumin-positive neuron deficits and AD-related pathology in the hippocampi of AppNL-G-F mice.