Then, we evaluated the function of HLTF in HCC by transfecting the lentiviral vector expressing HLTF-specific shRNA into Huh7 and HepG2 cells to silence HLTF and transfecting the lentiviral vector encoding HLTF into HCCLM3 and Hep3B-cell lines to upregulate HLTF (Supplementary Fig. 1C, D). This evidence concerns the gene HLTF and hepatocellular carcinoma.