Released fibrillar α-synuclein and Lewy bodies were shown to be taken up by microglia through phagocytosis, which led to the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and secretion of IL-1β and other proinflammatory mediators, resulting in strong inflammatory responses in patient brains with Parkinson’s disease (Codolo et al., 2013). Here, NLRP3 is linked to Parkinson disease.