An up-regulated Angiopoietin-2 expression was measured in PDR samples (1714.85±1194.35 pg/ml) from this study in contrast to the three other groups, namely controls (370.70±362.42 pg/ml; p<0.001), DM (638.47±828.36 pg/ml; p<0.001), and NPDR samples (492.46±719.90 pg/ml; p<0.001; Fig 1D). The gene discussed is ANGPT2; the disease is non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.