Cytokines that mainly seem to play a role in the development of retinopathy in DM are the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, as well as the chemokine IL-8 as these are elevated in vitreous samples from PDR patients [7–11]. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is diabetes mellitus.