DPP4 and diabetes mellitus: Furthermore, certain glucose-lowering therapies have attributed to an increased risk of heart failure, as evidenced by clinical trials on certain medications such as thiazolidinediones and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, notably the Saxagliptin Assessment of Vascular Outcomes Recorded in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus (SAVOR)-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 53 trial, adding another dimension of complexity to the treatment of T2DM [4] since glycaemic control is still prioritised as primary treatment for T2DM patients.