In a study by Kim et al. (2020), significantly higher levels of seven investigated proteins were confirmed, including MCP-1, in the amnionic fluid and cervicovaginal fluid (none in the plasma) found in the women with intra-amniotic infection and/or inflammation (and indirectly, PTD) than in those without intra-amniotic infection and/or inflammation [5]. The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is chorioamnionitis.