Lu et al. recently reported the results of a randomized phase II clinical study evaluating the effect of adding cetuximab to paclitaxel–cisplatin chemotherapy compared with chemotherapy alone in ESCC patients with metastatic disease not previously treated; in the whole population of treated ESCC patients, the mPFS was 5.7 months for cetuximab + chemotherapy compared with 4.2 months for chemotherapy alone; in the selected population of ESCC patients with EGFR amplification, the mPFS was 5.45 months for cetuximab + chemotherapy compared with 2.99 months for chemotherapy alone [66]. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and metastatic neoplasm.