RAF1 and cancer: Additionally, this protein is essential for the majority of oncoproteins involved in cancer cell survival and growth, such as serine/threonine kinase (Akt), expressed protein from v-raf-1, murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (RAF-1), human growth factor-1, apoptosis induction, and other activities in cancer cells, such as angiogenesis and cell cycle inhibition [15].