Furthermore, it was previously demonstrated in macrophages that Brucella-induced mROS is crucial for NLRP3-caspase-1 inflammasome activation (19) and a previous report indicated that infection with an attenuated Brucella strain induces IRE1α and activates the inflammasome via NLRP3-driven mitochondrial damage (41). The gene discussed is ERN1; the disease is infection.