GCG and cancer: As shown by the summaries of earlier studies in Table 1, we noted that the overexpression of eleven mRNAs (CHAF1A, VCAN, CDH11, PDGFRB, BMP1, ASPN, BGN, GINS4, COL6A3, ECT2, and IBSP) were all verified in GC cell lines; the increased expression level of KIF18B had been confirmed in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and INCENP and GCG have not been mentioned by any cancer studies before and were novel candidate prognostic signatures in progressive-stage STAD reported for the first time by this study.