Additionally, the abnormal bone marrow microenvironment as demonstrated by defects in mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells [61–63], dysregulated T and B cell subsets [40, 64], and relatively insufficient thrombopoietin levels are all related to impaired platelet production in ITP [65]. The gene discussed is THPO; the disease is autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura.