Moreover, pretreatment with ferrostatin-1 (Fer; a ferroptosis inhibitor) or bafilomycin A1 (Baf; a late-phase autophagy inhibitor) failed to inhibit AF-induced cell death and vacuolation in these cells (Fig. 1E, F, and Supplementary Fig. 1). The gene discussed is BANF1; the disease is atrial fibrillation.