This tool can be used to boost mosquito immunity against viral infections by transactivating genes involved in various immune pathways including the Relish-like transcription factors Rel1 and Rel2, two key downstream regulators of the Toll and IMD immune pathways [41,65,66], the insect cytokine-like factor Vago [67,68], DOME and HOP in the JAK-STAT pathway [55,56,69], or Dicer2 and R2d2 in the siRNA immune pathway [55,56,69]. This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and viral infectious disease.