Our previous studies demonstrated that TXL protects cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) against reperfusion injury (Cui et al., 2014), significantly increases the microvascular density of ischemic brain tissue (Chang et al., 2012), and improves the microangiopathy of diabetic nephropathy (Wu et al., 2017), revealing that the common target of TXL in the treatment of major diseases of the heart and brain and diabetic nephropathy is microvascular endothelial cells. Here, TXNL1 is linked to diabetic kidney disease.