By quantitative real‐time PCR, we further demonstrated that TGF‐β induced the expression of numerous downstream EMT‐associated genes, including SNAI2, TWIST1, Zinc finger E‐box‐binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), Keratin 8 (KRT8), Fibronectin 1 (FN1), and Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) as well as mesenchymal genes such as VIM and CDH2/N‐Cadherin, which were, however, significantly down‐regulated by PFD (Figure 5A). This evidence concerns the gene TWIST1 and polyostotic fibrous dysplasia.