Downregulation of TGF-β expression can modulate the GBM immune microenvironment by regulating naive T cells.693,694 Our laboratory prepared LPNPs to co-encapsulate TMZ and siTGF-β.183 First, cationic poly((2-acryloyl)ethyl(p-boronic acid benzyl)diethylammonium bromide) (BA-PDMAEA) and siTGF-β formed PNPs by electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction. Here, TGFB1 is linked to glioblastoma.