CXCR4 and glioblastoma: CXCR4 was able to be specifically taken up by GBM through one-to-one receptor-ligand stoichiometry with stromal-derived-factor-1 (SDF-1),706 which was highly expressed in GBM cells.707 After intranasal administration, EVs efficiently deliver anti-miR-21 and miR-100 into GBM cells with a combination of NSC-derived EVs’ potential tropism for GBM708 and CXCR4-based RME, improving the therapeutic effect of TMZ.