Autoantibodies can enter the brain and induce a severe inflammation that can also trigger transient or persistent focal brain damage, such as hippocampal damage in LGI1 autoantibody-associated disease [4] or unspecific axonal brain damage indicated by elevated neurofilament light chains in the cerebrospinal fluid in LGI1 and NMDAR encephalitis [35]. Here, LGI1 is linked to viral encephalitis.