Signaling pathways, such as MAPKs, NFkB, and histone acetylation, are involved in the gene expression regulation and induction of HDPs by several factors, such as amino acids, fatty acids, polyphenols, and vitamin D. Although in vitro studies suggested the role of immunomodulatory properties of HDPs during respiratory infections, in vivo studies for these properties of HDPs in the respiratory tract haven’t been conducted yet. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is respiratory tract infectious disorder.