CSF3 and Decreased total neutrophil count: G-CSF prophylaxis is widely used to reduce the incidence and severity of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia by promoting the production of granulocytes or antigen presenting cells.24 Whilst G-CSF is generally not recommended within 24 hours of conventional chemotherapy, to allow metabolism and excretion time for most cytotoxic drugs, growth factors could be prescribed in L-MIND during the treatment and follow-up periods at the investigator’s discretion.