Nicotinamide riboside increased the antioxidant activity and attenuated inflammation and oxidative stress by activating macrophages.25 Recent study indicates that pre-administration of NR supplies anti-inflammatory and protective effects against apoptosis through the NAD+/SIRT1 signaling during the inflammation.11 Interestingly, SIRT1 activation was significantly lower due to decreasing NAD+ in sepsis.26 As NR has been shown to be considerably effective in raising NAD+ levels in humans27 and experimental models,11,28 it was suggested that NR may be useful in sepsis injury. The gene discussed is SIRT1; the disease is Sepsis.