TNF and ischemia reperfusion injury: As shown in Table 5, DIPC and RIPC significantly increased the antioxidant enzyme SOD and decreased the inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β 24 hours after surgery compared that in the control group (all P < 0.05), suggesting that both DIPC and RIPC could alleviate oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in ischemia reperfusion injury of the liver.