ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma: For patients with advanced NSCLC, first-line systemic treatment generally consists of targeted therapy, immunotherapy, cytotoxic chemotherapy, or a chemo-immunotherapy combination depending on the tumor's expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), histology type (squamous versus nonsquamous) and the presence of driver mutations, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation mutation and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocation.