In the KEGG pathway analysis, the top 10 significant pathways with their P-values, and the number of genes involved in each pathway was plotted in a bubble diagram (Fig. 4D), including (1) cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, (2) TNF signaling pathway, (3) malaria, (4) Salmonella infection, (5) chemokine signaling pathway, (6) hepatitis B, (7) Jak-STAT signaling pathway, (8) African trypanosomiasis, (9) NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, and (10) pertussis. Here, TNF is linked to malaria.