TGFB1 and glioblastoma: Elsewhere, glioblastoma (GBM) TDPs strongly secreted anti-inflammatory cytokines and immunosuppressive molecules and have reduced co-stimulator expression, suppressing CD4+ T cell responses and IL-2 production in vitro [34]; additionally, GBM TDPs upregulated chaperone-mediated autophagy to enhance the expression of TGF-β and IL-10, which inhibit T cell function [35].