By measuring body weight and liver weight, performing H&E staining, counting infiltrating inflammatory cells, and conducting Sirius red staining, Oil red O staining, IHC, and qPCR, we demonstrated that ABX treatment suppressed CL-HFS-induced increase in the ratio of liver-to-bodyweight (Fig. 2b), reduced the frequency of liver resident inflammatory cells (Fig. 2c, d), and decreased the hepatic production of collagen, α-SMA, and lipid accumulation (Fig. 2c, e), resulting in a reduction of NAS (Fig. 2f). The gene discussed is ACTA1; the disease is neonatal abstinence syndrome.