The NFKB1 gene rs28362491 polymorphism is significantly associated with HNC, especially NPC, while the NFKBIA gene rs2233406 polymorphism is not.150 Moreover, NF-κB is supposed to crosstalk with other signaling pathways, such as the STAT pathway, PI3K/AKT pathway, and p53/RB pathway, to promote tumor prognosis and therapy resistance in multiple cancers, including HNC.145,151–153. This evidence concerns the gene PIK3CA and neoplasm.