Given the link between Il33 and the antihelminthic response (and more generally, IgE-mediated responses and the antihelminthic response), we repeated the DGE analysis while controlling for cestode burden, but this had little effect on our results (same top differentially expressed immune genes; see Appendix 1—table 4 and Appendix 1—table 5), suggesting that these effects were not driven by differences in cestode infection. Here, IGHE is linked to Cestode infectious disease.