PCA3 and Familial prostate cancer: Several lncRNAs have recently been found to associate with prostate cancer, and the best known of these, prostate cancer associated 3 (PCA3; formerly prostate cancer antigen 3) has been used clinically for many years as the most specific diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer (Bussemakers et al., 1999; de Kok et al., 2002); however, its prognostic significance remains uncertain.