IL1B and shigellosis: CXCL1 and IL-1β are NF-κB-induced cytokines previously implicated in driving disease during shigellosis by initiating inflammation and promoting innate immune cell recruitment to the gut (Arondel et al., 1999; Sansonetti et al., 1999; Sansonetti et al., 2000; Singer and Sansonetti, 2004).