B6.Nlrc4–/– mice that underwent TNFα neutralization appeared slightly more susceptible to shigellosis than B6.Nlrc4–/– mice treated with control antibody and displayed trending but insignificant increases in weight loss, bacterial burdens in IECs, IL-1β levels, and fecal blood (Figure 7A, B, D and E) and a significant increase in CXCL1 (Figure 7C). Here, TNF is linked to shigellosis.