C1QC and cholesteryl ester measurement: Overall, 7 feature genes (LOC100996760, VSIG4, C1QC, BCL2A1, OLAH, BMX, and CFD) shared between the LASSO and SVM-RFE algorithms and GEO2R-screened DEGs as diagnostic markers for AF-CE patients were finally selected for further analysis (Figure 3(e)).