CALR and cancer: Similar to various HSPs, endoplasmic reticulum chaperone CALR is known for its ability in activating anticancer immunity by immunogenic cell death (ICD) [22], and expression levels of CALR have been utilized for novel therapeutic strategies via elevation of anticancer immunity in various cancer types including colorectal carcinoma, non-small-cell lung carcinoma, acute myeloid leukemia, and ovarian cancer [23–25].