PTEN and neoplasm: According to studies, four Notch genes work independently with many genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor, phosphatase and tensin homolog, Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt, and matrix metalloproteinases, and so many other genes, as well as proteins (such as hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha) significantly affect tumor angiogenesis.