Dyslipidemia in diabetes traditionally refers to an elevation in LDL-C, TG levels, and/or a reduction in HDL-C, but does not usually consider the combination effects of high LDL-C, high Lp(a), and high sdLDL; the limitations of this definition of dyslipidemia in our study might also be a limitation to our analysis. Here, LPA is linked to metabolic syndrome.