GDF15 and cancer: There has been increasing interest specifically in the role of GDF15 as a biomarker and treatment target in cancer cachexia and other conditions leading to cachexia (Albuquerque et al., 2022; Jones et al., 2018; Mulderrig et al., 2021; Nakajima et al., 2019; Patel et al., 2016; Suzuki et al., 2021).