HMGB1 and colonic neoplasm: In agreement with the data generated from tumor cell lines, we investigated the effect of ORFV on ex vivo human colon tumor tissues, and found that GSDME from human colon tumor tissues can be cleaved after the treatment of ORFV for 48 h, which was accompanied by the release of HMGB1 into the supernatant (Fig. 2g).