In patients with established HF, RBC TFAs were strongly associated with high inflammatory burden such as higher levels of interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), TNF receptor 1 and 2, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) [19]. Here, TNF is linked to hydrops fetalis.