TP53 and neoplasm: During the process of tumor development, the PI3K/Akt and Akt/mTOR signaling pathways are activated and p53 protein is accumulated in the cytoplasm, leading to autophagy dysfunction and subsequent instability of the genome, as well as blocked cell differentiation, retarded cell senescence, and disruption of the cell metabolism, ultimately forming a vicious cycle of tumorigenesis promotion20–22.