CD4 and immune system disorder: During HIV infection, HIV damages the host immune system by inducing CD4 cell apoptosis, eventually leading to immunodeficiency and opportunistic infections.[11,12] CD4 cell counts in HIV patients are closely related to disease progression.[11–13] However, in newly diagnosed PLWH, CD4 cell counts are often lower than normal at the time of diagnosis, and the degree of decline in CD4 cell counts is often associated with a delay in diagnosis.[14] Delayed diagnosis of HIV means an increased risk of opportunistic infections and a corresponding reduction in survival time.