There was no effect of insulin-stimulation or treatment on 4-HNE modified proteins in T2D cells (Fig. 2D); and no effect of treatment on expression of GLO1 (Fig. 2B) or other metabolic proteins (LDHA, PCG-1α, Sirt1, or Sirt3; Supplementary Fig. 2). Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.