We identified 140 signaling pathways; the top 20 items are listed in Figure 5 and they include lipid, atherosclerosis, tumor necrosis factor, Posey's sarcoma-related herpes virus infection, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and advanced glycation end product-receptor for AGE (AGE-RAGE) signaling pathways, indicating that the active ingredients in DSS exert their effects through multiple pathways. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is atherosclerosis.