Treatment-naïve chronic HBV-infected patients, HBV-related hepatic failure, and a longitudinal cohort of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with nucleos(t)ide analogue treatment were enrolled for analysis of CD4+CXCR5−FOXP3+ T cell responses by flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and liver failure.