SPTB and Sepsis: We found a similarly paradoxical negative correlation between Staphylococcus epidermidis, previously associated with BV71 and late-onset sepsis in preterm neonates72, and both tartrate and ethyl glucoside (ρ = −0.28, P = 6.9 × 10−4, q = 0.009 and ρ = −0.26, P = 0.0015, q = 0.016, respectively; Fig. 3a), which were positively associated with sPTB.