Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that the course of disease (odds ratio [OR] = 1.345, 95% CI: 1.036–1.746, P = 0.026) and ferritin levels (OR = 1.030, 95% CI 1.006–1.055, P = 0.014) were independent risk factors for massive proteinuria, while high serum iron (OR = 0.418, 95% CI 0.205–0.853, P = 0.017), transferrin (OR = 0.053, 95% CI 0.008–0.363, P = 0.003), and GPX4 (OR = 0.935, 95% CI 0.879–0.994, P = 0.031) levels were inversely independent protective factors for massive proteinuria in patients with T2DM (Table 4). The gene discussed is GPX4; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.